Silicone polyether stabilized silicone latex solvent thickening

ABSTRACT

The viscosity of a solvent is modified by thickening the solvent with a silicone latex. A silicone latex having a plurality of crosslinked polysiloxane particles is first prepared by mixing the siloxane polymer, a surfactant, and water; emulsifying the mixture to a gel phase; diluting the emulsion with water; adding a cure package (i.e., a catalyst, a crosslinker, or both, or a self catalytic crosslinker); and then without removing the water from the latex and after the particles of siloxane polymer in the latex have been cured, mixing the latex and solvent to thicken the solvent, forming viscous liquids, gels, and pastes. Water in the latex thickened solvent composition can be stabilized by adding a silicone polyether during mixing of the latex and the solvent. These stabilized latex thickened solvent compositions have beneficial properties such as clarity, shelf stability, and ease of preparation; and therefore have wide areas of application, especially as additives in antiperspirants, deodorants, and other personal care applications.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of a prior application, U.S. Ser. No. 08/897,493, filed on Jul. 21, 1997, now abandoned entitled "Silicone Polyether Stabilized Silicone Latex Solvent Thickening", which is assigned to the same assignee as this present application.

This application is related to a first commonly assigned prior application U.S. Ser. No. 08/596,853, filed Feb. 5, 1996, entitled "Silicone Latex Solvent Thickening", now U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,804, issued on Sep. 9, 1997. The first application describes a silicone latex and a method of using the silicone latex to thicken various solvents. The present application is an improvement in the first application, and relates to stabilizing water in latex thickened solvents, by adding a silicone polyether during the step of mixing a latex containing water and cured crosslinked polysiloxane particles, and a solvent together to thicken the solvent.

This application is also related to a second commonly assigned prior application U.S. Ser. No. 08/430,776, filed Apr. 27, 1995, entitled "Shelf Stable Cross-Linked Emulsions With Optimum Consistency And Handling Without The Use Of Thickeners", (now European application EP 739,928 published Oct. 30, 1996). The second application describes a silicone latex and method for its preparation, which are utilized in the present application, as well as in the first application.

This application is further related to a third commonly assigned prior application U.S. Ser. No. 08/430,047, filed Apr. 27, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,674,937, issued Oct. 7, 1997, entitled "Elastomers From Silicone Emulsions Having Self Catalytic Crosslinkers" (now European application EP 739,947 published Oct. 30, 1996). The third application also describes a silicone latex and method for its preparation, but in the third application, a self catalytic crosslinker performs the crosslinking function of the crosslinker and catalyst in the second application. This type of silicone latex can also be utilized in the present application, as well as in the first application.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to improved stabilized aqueous crosslinked polysiloxane dispersions blended with silicone or organic fluids to produce new materials with novel properties.

Cured silicone rubber powders have been made by first preparing a water-based emulsion of a curable silicone composition, then curing the composition to form a water based dispersion of cured silicone rubber powder by heating it to 80° C. to effect crosslinking, and finally removing the water from the water-based dispersion to harvest the rubber. The disadvantage of this approach is that the initial water-based dispersion only contains about 35% silicone solids. The remaining 65% of water is removed through a spray drying process. Agglomeration occurs in the spray drying process resulting in rubber powder particle sizes larger than those occurring in the latex (the dispersion of the crosslinked rubber). So finally, a sieving procedure is carried out to remove certain particle sizes.

The advantage of our invention, in contrast, is that we have found unexpectedly, that the viscosity of a fluid can be modified with a silicone latex without removing the water from the silicone latex. This eliminates the heating, harvesting, and sieving procedures. This is possible because the silicone latex is provided as an extremely high internal phase ratio latex, that is, it contains a crosslinked or cured rubber phase up to 95%, with the remainder being the water continuous phase. It is quite unexpected that one could swell the individual silicone latex particles with a solvent in the presence of a water continuous phase.

This particular silicone latex represents several significant advances in the art. First, the process of making the dispersion is improved since the high solids gel phase provides for a higher shear and lower particle size distribution. Second, an advantage is that due to the high polymer solids content of the diluted gel (above 75%), the composition does not require thickeners or other rheology modifiers to achieve excellent handling characteristics. A third advantage is the versatility of the process, allowing mixing of silicone polymer, water, surfactant, and cure package (i.e., a catalyst, a crosslinker, or both, or a self catalytic crosslinker), in the manufacture of a high solids oil-in-water emulsion as a gel phase intermediate. The gel phase intermediate can be used immediately after preparation or stored. The high solids gel is then diluted with water to form a dispersion having greater than 75% silicone solids content. The gel can be further processed by adding additional ingredients, if desired, and diluting the dispersion to the desired solids content.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an improved method of modifying the viscosity of a solvent by thickening the solvent with a silicone latex which has a plurality of crosslinked polysiloxane particles. The silicone latex is prepared by (A) forming a mixture containing a siloxane polymer, a surfactant, and water; (B) emulsifying the mixture into a gel phase; (C) diluting the emulsion with further water; and (D) adding a cure package. Addition of a silicone polyether during mixing of the silicone latex and the solvent to thicken the solvent, stabilizes water present in latex thickened solvent compositions.

The cure package can be a catalyst or a crosslinker, or both, or a self catalytic crosslinker. Then, without removing the water from the latex, and after the particles of siloxane polymer in the latex have been cured, mixing the latex and the solvent together to thicken the solvent to a desired viscosity or form viscous liquids, gels or pastes.

The invention also relates to improved and stablilized silicone latex solvent thickened compositions prepared according to the above method, which compositions have a variety of uses in the personal care arena, as well as other areas of application. Thus, the silicone latex provides a means to modify the rheology of various fluids which enhances formulating capability, and it can function as a reservoir for various fluids and solvents.

These and other features and objects of our invention will become apparent from a consideration of the detailed description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In preparing our improved latex thickened solvent compositions, we make use of silicone latexes and methods of producing same described in the two copending applications U.S. Ser. No. 08/430,776, filed Apr. 27, 1995, and U.S. Ser. No. 08/430,047, filed Apr. 27, 1995, both considered incorporated herein by reference. The silicone latex is free of rheology modifiers, contains a plurality of crosslinked polysiloxane particles, and has at least 75% silicone content by weight. It is an aqueous dispersion of crosslinked polysiloxane capable of crosslinking via condensation, addition, or free radical reactions. The latex is prepared by combining:

(i) 100 weight parts of a siloxane polymer or polymer mixture having a viscosity of greater than 5,000 mPa.s (5,000 centistoke) but less than 500,000 mPa.s (500,000 centistoke) at 25° C., the siloxane polymer or polymer mixture having at least one polymer species of the formula:

    X.sub.3-n R.sub.n --YO--(R.sup.1.sub.2 SiO).sub.z --Y--R.sub.n X.sub.3-n

where n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; z is an integer from 500-5,000; X is hydrogen, a vinyl group, a hydroxyl group, any condensable, or hydrolyzable group; Y is a silicon atom, .tbd.Si--(CH₂)_(m) --SiR¹ ₂ -- group, or .tbd.Si--(CH₂)_(m) --SiR¹ ₂ OSiR¹ ₂ (CH₂)m--SiR¹ ₂ -- group, where m is 1-8; R is individually selected from aliphatic alkyl, aminoalkyl, polyaminoalkyl, epoxyalkyl, alkenyl, or aromatic groups; and R¹ is individually selected from X, aliphatic alkyl, alkenyl, and aromatic groups,

(ii) 0.5-10 weight parts surfactant,

(iii) 0.5-25 weight parts water,

(iv) 0.1-20 weight parts crosslinker,

(v) 0.00001-20 weight parts catalyst, or

(vi) 1-5 weight parts of a self catalytic crosslinker in place of crosslinker (iv) and catalyst (v).

If desired, a preservative may also be included. Some examples of representative preservatives which may be employed include formaldehyde; DMDM hydantoin (CTFA); 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; parabens such as methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, and butyl paraben; sorbic acid; diazolidinyl urea; imidazolidinyl urea; iodopropynyl butyl carbamate; 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; blends of isopropyl, isobutyl, and n-butyl p-hydroxybenzoic acids; or mixtures of two or more such preservatives.

Examples of condensable or hydrolyzable groups appropriate for X are halogen, alkoxy, amino, ketoxime, ureido, carboxyl, sulfate, sulfate ester, cyano, isocyanate, phosphate, and phosphate ester.

The aqueous dispersion is produced by mixing the silicone polymer, surfactant, and water, under sufficient shear and for a sufficient period of time to obtain a high solids "oil-in-water" emulsion, capable of forming a characteristic gel phase having at least 90% polymer solids content and having particle sizes between 0.1-20 micrometer (micron). The cure package (i.e., a catalyst, a crosslinker, or both, or a self catalytic crosslinker), may be added directly to the high solids gel phase or after dilution of the gel with water to the desired solids content. Alternatively, the cure package may be added to the mixture prior to the emulsification into the gel phase. In any case, it is important that a high solids gel is formed first after the emulsification step, and prior to dilution of the emulsion with further water. The high solids emulsion containing silicone polymer, water, surfactant, and cure package is shelf-stable and may be stored as an intermediate.

The surfactant can be a nonionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, or a mixture thereof. The surfactant is present in the composition in an amount of 0.5-10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of siloxane polymer, preferably 2-10 parts by weight.

Most preferred are nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan esters, polyoxyalkylene esters, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ethers, ethoxylated amides, ethoxylated siloxanes, and block copolymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. Especially useful are alkyloxy-polyethyleneoxy-polypropyleneoxy-ethanols. Some representative nonionic surfactants commercially available and useful in our invention are TRITON® XL-80N, TRITON® X-405, TERGITOL® TMN-6, TERGITOL® 15-S-40, TERGITOL® 15-S-3, TERGITOL® 15-S-5, and TERGITOL® 15-S-7, produced by Union Carbide Corporation (Danbury, Conn.); BRIJ 30 and BRIJ 35 produced by ICI CHEMICALS (Wilmington, Del.); MAKON 10 produced by STEPAN Company (Northfield, Ill.); ETHOMID O/17 produced by AKZO Inc. (Chicago, Ill.); and PLURONIC® F38 produced by BASF Corporation (Parsippany, N.J.).

Some additional nonionic surfactants commercially available and useful in our invention are ALKAMULS PSML-20, a product and tradename of Rhone-Poulenc (NJ), Surfactant & Specialty Division, Cranberry, N.J., for polyoxyethylene sorbitan (20) monolaurate; ALKAMULS PSMO-20, a product and tradename of Rhone-Poulenc (NJ), Surfactant & Specialty Division, Cranberry, N.J., for polyoxyethylene sorbitan (20) monooleate; RENEX 36, a product and tradename of ICI Surfactants, Wilmington, Del., for ethoxylated tridecyl ether; and GENAPOL® UD, a product and trademark of Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Specialty Chemical Group, Charlotte, N.C., for ethoxylated undecyl alcohol.

Reference may be had to the copending applications for the various types of cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants which can be used. However, some representative examples of commercial surfactant products follows.

Thus, appropriate cationic surfactants include ARQUAD T27W, ARQUAD 16-29, ARQUAD C-33, ARQUAD T50, and ETHOQUAD T/13 ACETATE, all manufactured by AKZO CHEMIE (Chicago, Ill.); and MACKALENE 216 a product of The McIntyre Group, Ltd., University Park, Ill.

Anionic surfactants include POLYSTEP A4, A7, A11, A15, A15-30K, A16, A16-22, A18, A13, A17, B1, B3, B5, B11, B12, B19, B20, B22, B23, B24, B-25, B27, B29, and POLYSTEP C-OP3S; ALPHA-STEP ML40, and ALPHA-STEP MC48; STEPANOL MG; and BIO-TERGE AS-40, all produced by STEPAN Company (Northfield, Ill.), HOSTAPUR SAS produced by HOECHST CELANESE (Chatham, N.J.); HAMPOSYL C30 and HAMPOSYL L30 produced by W. R. GRACE & CO. (Lexington, Mass.); and MIRANATE® LEC, a trademark and product of Rhone-Poulenc (NJ), Surfactant & Specialty Division, Cranberry, N.J. Its INCI CTFA name is SODIUM LAURETH-13 CARBOXYLATE.

Amphoteric surfactants include REWOTERIC AM TEG, REWOTERIC AM DLM-35, REWOTERIC AM B14 LS, REWOTERIC AM CAS, and REWOTERIC AM LP, all produced by SHEREX CHEMICAL CO. (Dublin, Ohio); and SCHERCOTAINE SCAB a product of Scher Chemicals, Inc., Clifton, N.J.

In addition to adding the surfactant to the polysiloxane, the dispersion also includes a predetermined amount of water. The water is present in the composition in an amount of 0.5-25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of siloxane polymer, preferably 6-15 parts by weight.

After the mixture of siloxane polymer, surfactant, and water is formed, the mixture is emulsified by mixing with sufficient shear, and for a sufficient period of time to form a high solids gel phase. Either crosslinker or catalyst, or both, or the self catalytic crosslinker, (i.e., the cure package) may be added to the mixture prior to or after emulsification. The mixing will preferably take place at a temperature of 10-70° C. If the cure package is added after the emulsification step, it may be added either prior or after diluting the gel phase with water to the desired solids content. The gel phase should have a polymer solids content of at least 90%, preferably 90-96%. The polymer solids content in the gel phase can be as high 96-98% polymer.

Any type of mixing equipment may be used to perform the emulsification step, such as batch mixers, planetary mixers, continuous compounders such as single or multiple screw extruders, dynamic or static mixers, colloid mills, homogenizers, and sonolators, or combinations thereof.

The high solids (90%) gel phase formed by emulsifying siloxane polymer, surfactant, and water, is shelf-stable and capable of being stored for as many as 24 months prior to further processing.

After emulsification, the gel phase may be diluted with water to achieve a silicone solids content of greater than 75%. Generally, amounts in the range of 5-30 parts by weight is added to achieve a solids content in the range of 75-98%. A more preferred solids range is 80-92% and the most preferred range is 84-90%. The high silicone solids content of the final dispersion is critical and distinguishes this latex over compositions in the prior art.

The amount and type of crosslinker and catalyst used depends on the type of silicon cure system employed to cure the composition. In general, the amount of crosslinker will be 0.1-20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of siloxane polymer, preferably 0.1-10 parts by weight. The amount of catalyst, will be 0.00001-20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of siloxane polymer, preferably 0.00001-10 parts by weight. Condensation systems may require larger amounts of catalyst, while addition systems may require lesser amounts. The crosslinker or catalyst may be added either individually before or after emulsification, or both may be added before or after emulsification.

One class of silicon cure systems appropriate to our invention involves condensation reactions, for instance, between silanol (.tbd.Si--OH) and silicon hydride (.tbd.Si--H) groups; between silanol (.tbd.Si--OH) and hydrolyzable or condensable silyl groups such as .tbd.Si--OC(O)CH₃, .tbd.Si--NR₂, and .tbd.Si--ON═CR₂ ; between silicon hydride and hydrolyzable or condensable groups; and between two hydrolyzable or condensable groups of the same or different species.

One example of this cure system is the reaction between a siloxane polymer bearing silanol groups and a crosslinking compound bearing hydrolyzable groups directly attached to silicon atom(s). Another example of this cure system is the reaction between a siloxane polymer bearing hydrolyzable or condensable groups directly attached to silicon atom(s) and a crosslinking compound bearing silanol groups. Yet another example of this cure system is the reaction between two siloxane polymers bearing hydrolyzable or condensable groups attached directly to silicon atom(s). A further example of this cure system is the reaction between a siloxane polymer bearing hydrolyzable or condensable groups directly attached to silicon atom(s) and a siloxane polymer bearing active hydrogen atoms such as hydroxyl, ureido, mercapto, or amino groups.

Catalysts for these condensation cure chemistries effect the reaction between polymer and crosslinking compound, and include organometallic compounds, amino compounds, carboxylic acids, salts of amino compounds with carboxylic acids or other acids, low molecular weight polyamide resins obtained by the reaction of excess polyamines with polybasic acids, the reaction products between epoxy compounds and an excess of polyamines, and noble metal compounds.

Typically, the crosslinking compound is a silane, a siloxane oligomer, a siloxane polymer, a siloxane resin, a silicon-modified organic oligomer, a silicon-modified organic polymer, or a silicon-modified organic resin, each bearing a hydrolyzable or condensable group attached directly to a silicon atom.

Reference may be had to the second copending application for the details of these condensation cure systems, as well as to details of the polysiloxane dispersions capable of crosslinking via free radical reactions, non-volatile cure systems, and other miscellaneous organic cure systems.

The class of silicon cure systems most preferred according to our invention, involves addition (hydrosilylation) reactions between a silicon hydride (.tbd.Si--H) group and an alkenyl group (--(CH₂)_(n) --CH═CH₂) group. The silicon hydride group may be attached either to the polymer or the crosslinker. The alkenyl group may be attached either to the polymer or the crosslinker. If the alkenyl group is attached to the crosslinker, the crosslinker may be organic, silicon modified organic, or siloxane in nature.

The number of reactive radicals on the polymer and the crosslinker determine whether a cured elastomer is obtained. An elastomeric network is being formed by the addition cure, if the sum of the reactive radicals on the polymer and the reactive radicals on the crosslinker is at least five. For example, if the polymer has two alkenyl groups and the crosslinker has three silicon hydride groups an elastomer is obtained.

The addition cure chemistry requires a catalyst to effect the reaction between polymer and crosslinking compound. Examples of suitable catalysts preferably employed in the addition reaction are Group VIII transition metal (noble metal) compounds. Such noble metal catalysts are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,705, which is incorporated by reference to show platinum catalysts. A preferred platinum compound as catalyst is the reaction product of chloroplatinic acid and an organosilicon compound containing terminal aliphatic unsaturation. It is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,419,593, which is also incorporated by reference. When noble metal catalysts are used, they are added in an amount from 0.00001-0.5 parts per 100 weight parts of the siloxane polymer, preferably 0.00001-0.02 parts, most preferably 0.00001-0.002 parts.

In one addition cure system useful to the invention, the siloxane polymer bearing alkenyl groups is reacted with a crosslinker, having on average at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule. The reaction occurs in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst. The siloxane polymer contains at least one alkenyl group. However, in order to obtain sufficient curability, the siloxane polymer should contain at least 1.1, preferably from 1.5-4 reactive alkenyl groups.

The silicon hydride crosslinker can be a hydrolyzable silicon hydride, a polymeric or oligomeric compound containing on average at least two hydrogen-silicon bonds such as a polyorganohydrogen siloxane, an alkylhydrogen cyclosiloxane, or a liquid copolymer containing SiO₂ and/or RSiO_(3/2) units and bearing silicon-bonded hydrogen radicals. The silicon hydride crosslinker can also be an organic polymer or resin bearing Si--H groups, or a silsesquioxane containing hydrogen.

Examples of crosslinkers are trimethylsilyl endblocked polymethylhydrogen siloxane and methylhydrogen cyclosiloxane. The .tbd.SiH functional crosslinker is added in sufficient amount to provide at least one hydrogen atom for each vinyl group in the polydiorganosiloxane polymer. In a typical preparation, the catalyst would be present in the composition in an amount of from 0.00001-0.5 parts, and silicon hydride crosslinker in an amount of from 0.1-10 parts, each by weight, of siloxane polymer.

As previously noted, U.S. Ser. No. 08/430,047, filed Apr. 27, 1995, relates to a self catalytic crosslinker to perform the crosslinking function of separate catalysts and crosslinkers. In this optional mode, at least one self catalytic crosslinker is present in the composition. The term "self catalytic crosslinker" means a molecule that has at least one leaving group as the catalytic species. While in certain circumstances only one self catalytic crosslinker may be needed to produce an elastomer having the desired physical properties, two or more self catalytic crosslinkers may be added to the reaction mixture. In addition, the self catalytic crosslinker or crosslinkers may be added with a conventional catalyst. However, adding the self catalytic crosslinker with a conventional catalyst is not required, and the compositions may in fact be free of conventional catalysts. The self catalytic crosslinkers are present in an amount of 1-5 parts of total self catalytic crosslinker per 100 parts by weight of siloxane polymer.

Some typical self catalytic crosslinkers include tri-functional or tetra-functional compounds such as R--Si--(Q)₃ or Si--(Q)₄, where Q is carboxylic , --OC(O)R, e.g. acetoxy, and R is an alkyl or alkenyl group of 1-8 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or vinyl. Other preferred Q groups hydroxyl amines --ON(R)₂, where R is the same or different alkyl group of 1-8 carbon atoms, e.g., --ON(CH₂ CH₃)₂. Q may also be an oxime group such as --O--N═C(R)₂ where R is the same or different alkyl group of 1-8 carbon atoms, e.g., --O--N═C(CH₃) (CH₂ CH₃). Further, Q may be an amine group such as --N(R)₂ where R is the same or different alkyl group of 1-8 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group, e.g., --N(CH₃)₂ or --NH(cyclohexyl). Finally, Q may be an acetamido group --NRC(O)R where R is the same or different alkyl group of 1-8 carbon atoms, e.g. --N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃.

In addition, partial hydrolysis products of the aforementioned compounds may also function as self catalytic crosslinkers. This would include dimers, trimers, and tetramers, such as oligomers of the formula: ##STR1## where Q and R are as defined above.

Also useful as self catalytic crosslinkers are polymeric or copolymeric species containing 3 or more Q sites located at either pendant or terminal positions or both on the backbone of a polydiorganosiloxane molecule. Examples of the pendant group include compositions of the formula: ##STR2## where R is the same or different alkyl group of 1-8 carbon atoms, a is zero or a positive integer, and b is an integer greater than two. In general polymeric compositions having either pendant or terminal Q groups may be used, in particular compounds of the formula Q_(3-n) R_(n) SiO(R₂ SiO)_(z) SiR_(n) Q_(3-n) where n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; z is a positive integer; R is Q or independently the same or different alkyl chain of 1-8 carbon atoms, as long as there are at least three Q groups in the molecule; and Q is as earlier defined.

Effective self catalytic crosslinkers are compounds which form tack free elastomers when mixed with functional silicone polymers in the absence of additional catalysts such as tin carboxylates or amines. In the self catalytic crosslinkers, the acetoxy, oxime, hydroxyl amine (aminoxy), acetamide, and amide groups catalyze the formation of .tbd.Si--O--Si.tbd. bonds in reactions contemplated herein.

In order to prepare compositions thickened with the silicone latex, the latex is mixed with a solvent. The silicone latex may be used to thicken a single solvent or a mixture of solvents. The term solvent as used herein is intended to mean (i) organic compounds, (ii) compounds containing a silicon atom, (iii) mixtures of organic compounds, (iv) mixtures of compounds containing a silicon atom, or (v) mixtures of organic compounds and compounds containing a silicon atom; that are used on an industrial scale to dissolve, suspend, or change the physical properties of other materials. In general, the organic compounds are aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, esters, ethers, glycols, glycol ethers, alkyl halides, or aromatic halides.

Representative of some common organic solvents are alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, 2-octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, cyclohexane, heptane, VM&P solvent, and mineral spirits; alkyl halides such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene, ethyl chloride, and chlorobenzene; amines such as isopropylamine, cyclohexylamine, ethanolamine, and diethanolamine; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; esters such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, amyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, and benzyl acetate; ethers such as ethyl ether, n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane; glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and propylene glycol monophenyl ether; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, diacetone alcohol, methyl amyl ketone, and diisobutyl ketone; petroleum hydrocarbons such as mineral oil, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil, heavy oil, and crude oil; lubricating oils such as spindle oil and turbine oil; fatty oils such as corn oil, soybean oil, olive oil, rape seed oil, cotton seed oil, sardine oil, herring oil, and whale oil; and "other" miscellaneous types of organic solvents such as acetonitrile, nitromethane, dimethylformamide, propylene oxide, trioctyl phosphate, butyrolactone, furfural, pine oil, turpentine, and m-creosol.

Representative of solvents containing a silicon atom are (i) low molecular weight linear and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes, (ii) low molecular weight linear and cyclic volatile and non-volatile alkyl and aryl siloxanes, and (iii) low molecular weight functional linear and cyclic siloxanes. Most preferred, however, are low molecular weight linear and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS).

VMS compounds correspond to the average unit formula (CH₃)_(a) SiO.sub.(4-a)/2 in which a has an average value of two to three. The compounds contain siloxane units joined by .tbd.Si--O--Si.tbd. bonds. Representative units are monofunctional "M" units (CH₃)₃ SiO_(1/2) and difunctional "D" units (CH₃)₂ SiO_(2/2).

The presence of trifunctional "T" units CH₃ SiO_(3/2) results in the formation of branched linear or cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes. The presence of tetrafunctional "Q" units SiO_(4/2) results in the formation of branched linear or cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes.

Linear VMS have the formula (CH₃)₃ SiO{(CH₃)₂ SiO}_(y) Si(CH₃)₃. The value of y is 0-5. Cyclic VMS have the formula {(CH₃)₂ SiO}_(z). The value of z is 3-9. Preferably, these volatile methyl siloxane have boiling points less than about 250° C. and viscosities of about 0.65 to about 5.0 centistoke (mm² /s).

Representative linear volatile methyl siloxanes are hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) with a boiling point of 100° C., viscosity of 0.65 mm² /s, and formula Me₃ SiOSiMe₃ ; octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM) with a boiling point of 152° C., viscosity of 1.04 mm² /s, and formula Me₃ SiOMe₂ SiOSiMe₃ ; decamethyltetrasiloxane (MD₂ M) with a boiling point of 194° C., viscosity of 1.53 mm² /s, and formula Me₃ SiO(Me₂ SiO)₂ SiMe₃ ; dodecamethylpentasiloxane (MD₃ M) with a boiling point of 229° C., viscosity of 2.06 mm² /s, and formula Me₃ SiO(Me₂ SiO)₃ SiMe₃ ; tetradecamethylhexasiloxane (MD₄ M) with a boiling point of 245° C., viscosity of 2.63 mm² /s, and formula Me₃ SiO(Me₂ SiO)₄ SiMe₃ ; and hexadecamethylheptasiloxane (MD₅ M) with a boiling point of 270° C., viscosity of 3.24 mm² /s, and formula Me₃ SiO(Me₂ SiO)₅ SiMe₃.

Representative cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes are hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D₃) a solid with a boiling point of 134° C. and formula {(Me₂)SiO}₃ ; octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄) with a boiling point of 176° C., viscosity of 2.3 mm² /s, and formula {(Me₂)SiO}₄ ; decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) with a boiling point of 210° C., viscosity of 3.87 mm² /s, and formula {(Me₂)SiO}₅ ; and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D₆) with a boiling point of 245° C., viscosity of 6.62 mm² /s, and formula {(Me₂)SiO}₆.

Representative branched volatile methyl siloxanes are heptamethyl-3-{(trimethylsilyl)oxy}trisiloxane (M₃ T) with a boiling point of 192° C., viscosity of 1.57 mm² /s, and formula C₁₀ H₃₀ O₃ Si₄ ; hexamethyl-3,3,bis {(trimethylsilyl)oxy} trisiloxane (M₄ Q) with a boiling point of 222° C., viscosity of 2.86 mm² /s, and formula C₁₂ H₃₆ O₄ Si₅ ; and pentamethyl {(trimethylsilyl)oxy} cyclotrisiloxane (MD₃) with the formula C₈ H₂₄ O₄ Si₄.

Our process also includes using low molecular weight linear and cyclic volatile and non-volatile alkyl and aryl siloxanes represented respectively by formulas R₃ SiO(R₂ SiO)_(y) SiR₃ and (R₂ SiO)_(z). R can be alkyl groups with 2-20 carbon atoms or aryl groups such as phenyl. The value of y is 0-80, preferably 5-20. The value of z is 3-9, preferably 4-6. These polysiloxanes have viscosities generally in the range of about 1-100 centistoke (mm² /s). Polysiloxanes can also be used where y has a value sufficient to provide polymers with a viscosity in the range of about 100-1,000 centistoke (mm² /sec). Typically, y can be about 80-375. Illustrative of such polysiloxanes are polydimethylsiloxane, polydiethylsiloxane, polymethylethylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, and polydiphenylsiloxane.

In addition, low molecular weight functional polysiloxanes can be employed, and are represented by the formula R₃ SiO(RQSiO)_(y) SiR₃ where Q is a functional group. Examples of such functional polysiloxanes containing functional groups represented by Q are acrylamide functional siloxane fluids, acrylate functional siloxane fluids, amide functional siloxane fluids, amino functional siloxane fluids, carbinol functional siloxane fluids, carboxy functional siloxane fluids, chloroalkyl functional siloxane fluids, epoxy functional siloxane fluids, glycol functional siloxane fluids, ketal functional siloxane fluids, mercapto functional siloxane fluids, methyl ester functional siloxane fluids, perfluoro functional siloxane fluids, and silanol functional siloxanes.

Our improved, stabilized, thickened solvent compositions have particular value in the personal care arena. Because of volatility characteristics of the solvent component, the thickened solvent compositions can be used alone, or blended with other cosmetic fluids, to form a variety of over-the-counter personal care products.

Thus, it is useful as a carrier in antiperspirants, deodorants, and other personal care applications, since it leaves a dry feel, and does not cool the skin upon evaporation. It is lubricious and will improve the properties of skin creams, skin care lotions, moisturizers, facial treatments such as acne or wrinkle removers, personal and facial cleansers, bath oils, perfumes, colognes, sachets, sunscreens, pre-shave and after-shave lotions, shaving soaps, and shaving lathers. It can be used in hair shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, mousses, permanents, depilatories, and cuticle coats, to enhance gloss and drying time, and provide conditioning benefits.

In cosmetics, it will function as a leveling and spreading agent for pigments in make-ups, color cosmetics, foundations, blushes, lipsticks, eyeliners, mascaras, oil removers, color cosmetic removers, and powders. It is useful as a delivery system for oil and water soluble substances such as vitamins. when incorporated into sticks, gels, lotions, aerosols, and roll-ons, our thickened solvent composition imparts a dry, silky-smooth, pay-out.

In addition, our improved, stabilized, thickened solvent compositions exhibit other beneficial properties such as (i) clarity, (ii) the ability to combine properties of water and oil in a single phase, (iii) shelf stability, and (iv) ease of preparation; making them especially useful in antiperspirants and deodorants, in perfumes as a carrier, and for hair conditioning.

These improved, stabilized, silicone latex thickened solvent compositions have uses beyond the personal care arena, including their use as a filler or insulation material for electrical cable, a soil or water barrier for in-ground stabilization, or as a replacement for epoxy materials used in coil-on-plug designs in the electronics industry.

They are useful as carrier for crosslinked silicone rubber particles, (i) allowing ease of incorporation of the particles into such silicone or organic phases as sealants, paints, coatings, greases, adhesives, antifoams, and potting compounds, and (ii) for modifying Theological, physical, or energy absorbing properties of such phases in either their neat of finished condition.

In addition, the improved, stabilized, silicone latex thickened solvent compositions are capable of functioning as a carrier for pharmaceuticals, biocides, herbicides, pesticides, and other biologically active substances; and can be used to incorporate water and water-soluble substances into hydrophobic systems. Examples of some water-soluble substances are salicylic acid, glycerol, enzymes, and glycolic acid.

The improved, stabilized, silicone latex solvent thickened compositions according to our invention can contain 1-99 percent by weight of the silicone latex and 1-99 percent by weight of the solvent. Preferably, however, the silicone latex solvent thickened compositions contain 5-40 percent by weight of the silicone latex and 60-95 percent by weight of the solvent. Most preferably, the silicone latex solvent thickened compositions contain 5-30 percent by weight of the silicone latex and 70-95 percent by weight of the solvent. The types of silicone latex solvent thickened compositions which can be prepared range from viscous fluids, to gels, to pastes, depending upon the relative amounts of silicone latex and solvent used in their preparation.

The following examples illustrate the use of the silicone latex described above to thicken a solvent. In these examples, the silicone latex is used without removing water from the latex. In addition, the solvent to be thickened is added to the silicone latex after the particles of silicone polymer in the latex have been cured.

EXAMPLE I Vinyl Polymer/Vinyl Gum Blend Preparation

750 g of pendant vinyl containing gum consisting of 97% dimethyl, methylvinyl siloxane, dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated copolymer 0.19% Vi, 14,240 eq wt/Vi, degree of polymerization (DP) of 9436! were mixed with 4250 g of a vinyl-endblocked siloxane fluid (450 centistoke, 0.46% Vi, 5853 eq wt/Vi, DP of 149) in a 10L TURELLO mixer until a homogenous viscous blend was obtained.

EXAMPLE II Preparation of Crosslinked Latex

To the 5000 g blend prepared in Example I, 102.5 g of Me₃ SiO(Me₂ SiO)₃ (MeHSiO)₅ SiMe₃ were mixed together. To this blend 333.75 g of a 45% solution of Tergitol® TMN-6, an ethoxylated trimethylnonanol nonionic surfactant, were added. This material was mixed in a 10L TURELLO mixer until a very high solids oil in water emulsion was formed. 215 g of deionized water was added to dilute the emulsion to a 90% silicone solids emulsion. The average particle size of the emulsion particles was 732+/-449 nanometer (nm) as measured by a NICOMP particle size analyzer. The emulsion particles were crosslinked by the addition of 12.5 g of a platinum containing complex of 92% dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylsiloxane, 7% tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane, and 1% 1,3-diethenyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex. The Pt level in this mixture was about 0.5% by weight.

EXAMPLE III Addition of Cyclic Siloxanes to the Latex

Using a HAUSCHILD laboratory centrifugal mixer, the latex prepared in Example III, and a 2.6 centistoke silicone fluid containing a mixture of 77% octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and 23% decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), were mixed together until homogenous, by incrementally adding the D4 and D5 mixture to the latex without removing water from the latex, followed by mixing. Table I shows the results of these runs.

                  TABLE I     ______________________________________     Run  Wt. %   Latex  Cyclics                               No. of                                     Cyclics                                           Mix Time     No.  Cyclics gm     gm    Increm                                     Increm                                           Seconds                                                  Results     ______________________________________     1    50      20     20    4     5     104    gel     2    76.7    10     32.9  4     5     104    gel     3    84.8    5      28    4     7     104    liquid     ______________________________________

EXAMPLE IV Addition of a Linear Siloxane to the Latex

Using the same latex prepared in Example II and without removing water from the latex, 8.14 g of the latex was mixed in a HAUSCHILD laboratory centrifugal mixer with 8.61 g of a 500 centistoke trimethylsilyl endblocked linear polydimethylsiloxane fluid. A thick gel resulted at this fluid level of 51%. An additional 8.72 g of the same siloxane fluid were added to the mixture, and a less viscous gel was observed at this increased fluid level of 68%.

EXAMPLE V Latex Made From High Viscosity Vinyl Endblocked Polymer & Blending of Latex with Cyclic Siloxanes

In a WHIP-MIX laboratory mixer 40 g of a vinyl endblocked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (55,000 centistoke, 0.88% Vi, 30,810 eq wt/Vi, DP of 830), and 0.17 g of the .tbd.Si--H fluid described in Example II were mixed together. 2.67 g of the 45% Tergitol® TMN-6 solution used in Example II was added. The material was mixed until a high solids emulsion was obtained, and then diluted to 90% silicone solids. 0.1 g of the same platinum complex used in Example II was added to crosslink the emulsion particles. To 10 g of this latex, and without removing water from the latex, 32.9 g of the same D4 and D5 mixture used in Example III were incrementally mixed into the latex using the HAUSCHILD mixer. The total mixing time was 156 seconds. The material formed a thick gel at this fluid level of 76.7%.

These examples demonstrate that thickened solvent compositions can be prepared from blends of a 90% silicone solids latex and varying amounts of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and linear siloxanes. Depending upon the solvent to silicone latex ratio, viscous fluids, gels, or pastes can be formed. By using as little as 20% silicone latex solids, one can prepare gels or paste-like materials. Viscous fluids can be prepared at lower silicone latex solids levels.

The following examples illustrate variations of our method for preparing latex thickened solvent compositions, and the use of other types of surfactants or solvent.

EXAMPLE VI Cationic Surfactant

In a laboratory WHIP MIX mixer, 125 g of the vinyl endblocked PDMS in Example V, and 0.54 g of the .tbd.Si--H fluid in Example II, were mixed together. To this mixture, 10.42 g of a 40% aqueous solution of the cationic surfactant MACKALENE 216 was added. MACKALENE 216 is a tradename and product of The McIntyre Group, Ltd., University Park, Ill. Its INCI CTFA name is RICINOLEAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE LACTATE. The materials were mixed until a high solids emulsion was obtained. The high solids emulsion was diluted to 90% silicone solids. 0.25 g of the platinum complex in Example II was added to crosslink (i.e., cure) the emulsion particles. 5.56 g of this latex was blended in a WHIP MIX laboratory mixer with 30.71 g of the D4 and D5 mixture in Example III. The resulting composition was a dry thick gel.

EXAMPLE VII Anionic Surfactant & Platinum Added Prior to Emulsification

In a laboratory WHIP MIX mixer, 100 g of the vinyl endblocked PDMS in Example V, 0.43 g of the .tbd.Si--H fluid in Example II, and 0.25 g of the platinum complex in EXAMPLE II, were mixed together. To this mixture, 7.50 g of a 40% aqueous solution of the anionic surfactant BIO-TERGE AS-40 was added. BIO-TERGE AS-40 is a tradename and product of Stepan Company, Northfield, Ill. It is a sodium alpha olefin sulfonate. The materials were mixed until a high solids emulsion was obtained. The high solids emulsion was diluted to 90% silicone solids. 5.56 g of this latex was blended in a WHIP MIX laboratory mixer with 30.71 g of the D4 and D5 mixture in Example III. The resulting composition was a dry thick gel.

EXAMPLE VIII Amphoteric Surfactant

In a WHIP MIX laboratory mixer, 125 g of the vinyl endblocked PDMS in Example V, and 0.54 g of the .tbd.Si--H fluid in Example II were mixed together. To this mixture, 7.5 g of a 50% aqueous solution of the amphoteric surfactant SCHERCOTAINE SCAB was added. SCHERCOTAINE SCAB is a tradename and product of Scher Chemicals, Inc., Clifton, N.J. Its INCI CTFA name is COCAMIDOPROPYL HYDROXY SULTAINE. The materials were mixed until a high solids emulsion was obtained. The high solids emulsion was diluted to 90% silicone solids. 0.25 g of the platinum complex in EXAMPLE II was added to crosslink the emulsion particles. 5.56 g of this latex was blended in a WHIP MIX laboratory mixer with 30.71 g of the D4 and D5 mixture in Example III. The resulting composition was a dry thick gel.

EXAMPLE IX Mineral Oil as Fluid

5.56 g of the latex prepared in Example VII, and 11.67 g of mineral oil, were mixed together until a homogenous, thick, smooth, white paste was formed.

THE IMPROVEMENT

The aqueous crosslinked polysiloxane dispersions blended with silicone or organic fluids prepared according to the above Examples III-IX can be improved by incorporating a silicone polyether (SPE) into the silicone latex solvent thickened composition. The function of the SPE is to stabilize water carried into the composition from the latex. Stabilizing the water prevents agglomeration of the water phase, which may occur under low shear conditions such as those imparted during transportation of the thickened compositions.

It should be noted that various methods can be used to prevent the water in the thickened composition from agglomerating. These include incorporating water-in-oil emulsifiers such as the SPE, oil-in-water emulsifiers, polymeric thickeners, cosolvents, adsorbents, or absorbents, into the thickened composition. However, the use of a silicone polyether has been shown to be especially effective, compared to other approaches.

The silicone polyether for use herein has the formula MD₁₀₋₁,000 D'₁₋₁₀₀ M, most preferably the formula MD₃₀₀ -500 D'₂₋₁₀ M, where M represents monofunctional unit R₃ SiO_(1/2), D represents difunctional unit R₂ SiO_(2/2), and D' represents difunctional unit RR'SiO_(2/2), in which R is an alkyl group containing 1-6 carbon atoms or an aryl group, and R' is an oxyalkylene containing moiety. R' groups may contain only oxyethylene (EO) units, or a combination of oxyethylene (EO) and oxypropylene (PO) units. Preferred R' groups include oxyalkylene units in the ratio EO₁₀₋₁₀₀ PO₀₋₁₀₀, most preferably EO₁₂₋₃₀ PO₀₋₃₀.

R' moiety typically also includes a divalent radical such as --C_(m) H_(2m) -- where m is 2-8, for connecting the oxyalkylene portion of moiety R' to the siloxane backbone; as well as a terminating radical for oxyalkylene portion of moiety R', such as hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, or acyloxy.

One especially preferred material for stabilizing the water phase is a silicone polyether carried in a volatile cyclic siloxane. The silicone polyether is the hydrosilylation reaction product of MD₃₉₄ D"₄ M and allyloxy-(ethylene oxide)₁₈ -(propylene oxide)₁₈ --OH, where D" is the difunctional unit RHSiO_(2/2). This mixture of an SPE and a volatile cyclic siloxane is added during the latex solvent blending procedure.

Samples containing this material have been found to be demonstrably more stable than samples which do not contain a silicone polyether. For example, after low speed rolling, a sample without such a stabilizer forms agglomerates of water in the blend, compared to no agglomerates when an SPE is present. Other additives such as preservatives can also be present in the latex solvent blend.

Thus, our invention provides a means of stabilizing water in a latex thickened solvent material, which allows the stabilized material to be transported without forming pockets of water in the material. One advantage of our invention, therefore, is that the SPE used to stabilize the water can be added during the latex-solvent blending process. This is much simpler and less expensive than attempting to remove the water by filtration, or by other mechanical separation techniques.

Three silicone polyethers were evaluated for use according to the concept of our invention. Their composition is shown below:

    ______________________________________     SPE   MW      D        D'   EO/PO   Stabilizes Water     ______________________________________     SPE I 37283   396.0    4.0  18/18   Yes     SPE II           2388    14.4     1.8  12/0    Yes     SPE III           2390    8.7      3.7  7/0     No     ______________________________________

The amount of SPE used to stabilize water according to our invention, based on weight of active materials in the latex solvent thickened composition to be stabilized, is 0.001 to 10%, preferably 0.01 to 1%, most preferably 0.05 to 0.4%. Optionally, a preservative can be included during the blending procedure.

Accordingly, the following additional examples are set forth in order to illustrate the improved and perfecting features of our invention.

EXAMPLE X Silicone Latex Preparation

100 parts of a vinyl-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane (55,000 centistoke, 0.08% Vi) and 0.80 parts of an .tbd.Si-H silicone fluid (MD₈ D"₄ M) were mixed. 10.92 parts of an aqueous solution containing 27.7% TRITON® XL-80N, a nonionic surfactant sold by Union Carbide Corporation, Danbury, Conn.; 7.69% GERMABEN® II-E preservative, a liquid containing diazolidinyl urea and parabens, sold by Sutton Laboratories, Chatham, N.J.; and 0.96 parts of a solution containing 70% dimethyl cyclosiloxanes, and 30% of a 0.5% platinum containing mixture of 92% of a dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylpolysiloxane, 7% tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane, and 1% 1,3-diethenyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex; were mixed with the silicones until a 90% high solids silicone emulsion was formed. The particle size of the resulting latex was 2.2 micrometer, as measured by a Coulter particle size analyzer.

EXAMPLE XI Latex Cyclic Blend Preparation--No SPE

11 parts of the latex prepared in Example X, and 89 parts of a 2.6 centistoke silicone fluid containing 77% octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 22% decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (referred to hereinafter as CYCLICS BLEND), were mixed together for two hours in a mixing vessel having a stirrer with a cowls blade. The mixture was then exposed to high shear by homogenizing it in a Microfluidics Corporation MICROFLUIDIZER for two passes. A thick viscous material was obtained.

EXAMPLE XII Latex Cyclic Blend Preparation--With SPE

Three samples were prepared according to the procedure described in Example XI:

Sample 1-11 parts latex, 88.9 parts CYCLICS BLEND, and 0.1 parts of a silicone polyether solution containing 55% of a cyclic siloxane and 45% of an SPE which was the hydrosilylation reaction product of MD₃₉₄ D"₄ M and allyloxy-(ethylene oxide)₁₈ -(propylene oxide)₁₈ --OH

Sample 2-11 parts latex, 88.8 parts CYCLICS BLEND, and 0.2 parts of the above SPE solution.

Sample 3-11 parts latex, 88.6 parts CYCLICS BLEND, and 0.4 parts of the above SPE solution.

EXAMPLE XIII Low Shear Stability Testing

Two-ounce sample jars containing latex-CYCLICS BLENDS prepared according to Examples XI and XII were rotated on a laboratory mixing wheel at about 15 rpm for 16 hours. The blend from Example XI had agglomerations of water. The three samples from Example XII representative of our invention did not have agglomerations of water.

EXAMPLE XIV Stability of Blends Containing Preservatives

Two samples were prepared according to the procedure in Example XI.

Sample A- 11 parts latex, 88.3 parts CYCLICS BLEND, 0.1 parts of the SPE solution, and 0.6 parts of LIQUAPAR® Oil preservative, a blend of isopropyl, isobutyl, and n-butyl p-hydroxybenzoic acids, and a product sold by Sutton Laboratories, Chatham, N.J.

Sample B- 11 parts latex, 88.15 parts CYCLICS BLEND, 0.1 parts the SPE solution, and 0.75 parts of GLYCACIL® L preservative, i.e., iodopropynyl butyl carbamate, a product sold by Lonza Inc., Fair Lawn, N.J.

Samples A and B were stable after evaluation by the method described in Example XIII.

Examples X-XIV, therefore, demonstrate the improvement according to our present invention as it relates to stabilizing water in latex thickened solvents, by adding a silicone polyether during the step of mixing a latex containing water and cured crosslinked polysiloxane particles, and a solvent together to thicken the solvent.

Other variations may be made in compounds, compositions, and methods described herein without departing from the essential features of our invention. The forms of our invention are exemplary and not limitations on their scope as defined in the appended claims. 

We claim:
 1. A method of modifying the viscosity of a solvent, the method comprising (I) adding a silicone latex containing water and a plurality of cured crosslinked polysiloxane particles to a solvent after the particles have been cured and without removing the water from the latex; (II) mixing the latex containing the water and the cured particles, and the solvent together to thicken the solvent; and (III) stabilizing water in the latex thickened solvent by adding a silicone polyether during step (II); the latex prepared by a method comprising: (A) mixing (i) 100 weight parts of a siloxane polymer having a viscosity of greater than 5,000 mPa.s but less than 500,000 mPa.s at 25° C., (ii) 0.5-10 weight parts of a surfactant, and (iii) 0.5-25 weight parts of water, (B) emulsifying the mixture into a gel phase having a siloxane polymer content of at least 80% by weight; (C) diluting the emulsion with further water to a siloxane polymer content of at least 75% by weight, (D) adding 0.00001-20 weight parts catalyst either before or after the emulsification, or before or after the dilution; (E) adding 0.1-20 weight parts crosslinker either before or after the emulsification, or before or after the dilution; (F) or in place of adding (D) and (E), adding 1-5 weight parts self catalytic crosslinker either before or after the emulsification, or before or after the dilution; the silicone polyether having the formula MD₁₀₋₁,000 D'₁₋₁₀₀ M where M represents monofunctional unit R₃ SiO_(1/2), D represents difunctional unit R₂ SiO_(2/2), and D' represents difunctional unit RR'SiO_(2/2), in which R is an alkyl group containing 1-6 carbon atoms or an aryl group, and R' is oxyalkylene unit EO₁₀₋₁₀₀ PO₀₋₁₀₀ in which EO represents --(CH₂ CH₂ O)-- and PO represents --(CH₂ CH(CH₃)O)--, respectively.
 2. A method according to claim 1 in which the latex has a solids content of siloxane polymer of at least 90 percent by weight.
 3. A method according to claim 1 in which the siloxane polymer has the formula X_(3-n) R_(n) --YO--(R¹ ₂ SiO)_(z) --Y--R_(n) X_(3-n) where n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; z is an integer from 500-5,000; X is hydrogen, a vinyl group, or a hydroxyl group Y is a silicon atom, the group .tbd.Si--(CH₂)_(m) --SiR¹ ₂ --, or the group .tbd.Si--(CH₂)_(m) --SiR¹ ₂ OSiR¹ ₂ (CH₂)m--SiR¹ ₂ --, where m is 1-8; R is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alkyl, aminoalkyl, polyaminoalkyl, epoxyalkyl, alkenyl, and an aromatic group; and R¹ is selected from the group consisting of X, aliphatic alkyl, alkenyl, and an aromatic group.
 4. A method according to claim 3 in which the siloxane polymer has at least two vinyl groups per molecule bonded to a silicon atom, the crosslinker having an average of at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms and being a silicon hydride crosslinker present in an amount sufficient to provide at least one hydrogen atom for each vinyl group in the siloxane polymer, and the catalyst is a noble metal catalyst.
 5. A method according to claim 1 in which the self catalyzing crosslinker has at least one catalytic leaving group selected from the group consisting of acetoxy, amide, acetamide, aminoxy, and oxime.
 6. A method according to claim 5 in which the self catalyzing crosslinker is a compound of the formula ##STR3## where R is the same or a different alkyl group of 1-8 carbon atoms; a is zero or a positive integer, and b is greater than two.
 7. A method according to claim 1 in which the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
 8. A method according to claim 1 in which the solvent is selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, esters, ethers, glycols, glycol ethers, alkyl halides, aromatic halides, petroleum hydrocarbons, lubricating oils, fatty oils, and mixtures thereof.
 9. A latex thickened solvent composition prepared according to the method described in claim
 1. 10. A personal care product containing the latex thickened solvent composition of claim 9 selected from the group consisting of antiperspirants, deodorants, skin creams, skin care lotions, moisturizers, acne removers, wrinkle removers, facial cleansers, bath oils, perfumes, colognes, sachets, sunscreens, pre-shave lotions, after-shave lotions, shaving soaps, shaving lathers, hair shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, mousses, permanents, depilatories, cuticle coats, make-ups, color cosmetics, foundations, blushes, lipsticks, eyeliners, mascaras, oil removers, cosmetic removers, delivery systems for oil and water soluble substances, and powders.
 11. A method of treating hair or skin comprising applying to the hair or skin a composition containing the latex thickened solvent composition of claim
 9. 